Access to quality water is necessary for health and well-being. Yet in many parts of the United States, drinking water sources are contaminated with harmful microbes or chemicals.
Fortunately, there are effective techniques for purifying water at the household level. Water suppliers and individuals use these methods or techniques to make their regular tap water clean and safe for drinking, cooking, bathing, and cleaning purposes.
In this Frizzlife blog, we will be discussing some of the most effective ones in detail.
Also, read our blog post Useful Tips for Avoiding Water Damage in Your Home
Water Purification Techniques for Cleaner and Safer Water
Although, there are a bunch of water purification techniques, however below we have tried to mention the ones with maximum effectiveness.
1. Boiling
Boiling is a simple yet effective way to purify water. By heating water to its boiling point, which is 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Fahrenheit, any harmful germs or parasites are killed. The high temperature destroys microorganisms that can cause diseases.
When water is brought to a rolling boil for just one minute, it becomes safe for drinking. The boiling process does not remove chemicals but makes biologically contaminated water safe to consume.
2. Filtration
Filtration is a handy technique for removing dirt and other particles from water. Water filters work by letting water pass through a material, like carbon or ceramic, that catches small bits. This cleans the water without using any chemicals. Some filters can even take out chemicals and heavy metals too.
They work especially well for treating surface water found in lakes and streams. When choosing a filter, it's good to pick one with an appropriate pore size that filters out germs but lets the water flow through easily.
3. Distillation
Distillation is a neat process that really cleans water. It requires boiling water until it turns into steam, and then catching the steam in another place so it turns back into liquid. Anything except water vapor gets left behind such as salts, chemicals, heavy metals, and even radioactive stuff.
The distilled water is very pure as almost all junk has been removed. While it takes more effort than other methods, distillation gives water that's safe to use no matter where it originally came from. The end result is totally clean water.
4. Solar Disinfection
Solar disinfection is a simple way to make water safer using the power of the sun. All it takes is filling up clear bottles or containers with untreated water and leaving them in direct sunlight for half a day. The ultraviolet rays in sunlight can zap many germs that cause sickness.
After 6 hours of soaking up UV, the water is disinfected without any chemicals or tools. On sunny days, it's a great purification option when other methods aren't available. The sun's energy purifies water naturally for free.
5. Chlorination
Adding chlorine or bleach to water is an effective technique used by many communities. It can easily kill most bacteria & viruses. It's crucial to use just the right quantity - too much chlorine will make the water taste bad.
Municipal water treatment facilities commonly rely on chlorination to sanitize water before it's piped into homes. When done correctly, chlorinating water with a small dose of bleach purifies it and protects against waterborne sicknesses. It's an affordable option used worldwide.
6. Ozonation
Ozonation is an advanced purification method that uses ozone gas to disinfect water. Ozone is produced using an ozonation system, which then bubbles the gas through the water being treated. As a strong oxidizer, ozone eliminates contaminants and kills microbes.
Unlike chlorine, ozonation leaves no harmful chemical residues behind. While the equipment needed for ozonation is more complex than simpler methods, it provides highly purified water without the use of chemicals. Many municipalities are adopting ozonation as an eco-friendly water treatment alternative.
7. Reverse Osmosis
Reverse osmosis is a thorough purification technique that provides crystal-clear water. An RO system applies pressure to force water through a special membrane that blocks dissolved salts, chemicals, and other impurities. It filters out an impressive 90% or more of contaminants, giving water that's safe for any use.
While the membrane cartridges and pumps require more money upfront, RO is worth it for situations like treating well water of uncertain quality. With regular filter replacements, RO systems ensure water is as clean as it can get.
It is important to note that, all the techniques mentioned above have their advantages and downsides. So, try to go with the one that is suitable to your specific needs and requirements.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the most suitable technique for eliminating chemicals from water?
Distillation and reverse osmosis are very effective at removing chemicals because they use physical barriers like boiling points and semi-permeable membranes to filter contaminants. These methods can remove nearly all dissolved chemicals with the right equipment.
How long do filters last before needing replacement?
Water filter lifespan varies depending on the type and level of impurities in the water. Basic carbon filters may only last a few months, while more heavy-duty filters could filter thousands of gallons over a year or more. It's a good idea to replace filters as recommended or when you notice a decrease in water flow.
Is it okay to drink untreated surface water in an emergency?
While not ideal, untreated surface water can be made safer in an emergency until a purifier is available. Boiling it for at least a minute is very effective at killing germs. You can also add bleach - use 16 drops of regular bleach per gallon and mix well, then let it sit for 30 minutes before drinking. Both options will reduce health risks from microbiological contaminants.
Final Words:
There are several effective options for purifying water at the household level. Boiling, filtration, chlorination, and solar disinfection are simple methods that can remove bacteria and viruses to make water safer for drinking.
More advanced techniques like reverse osmosis, distillation, and ozonation offer highly purified water by removing other contaminants. With the right technique selected based on needs and resources, it is possible for many more people worldwide to gain access to clean, safe water.